“VALOR Officer Safety Initiative – National Coordinating Team.” Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Assistance. Subcontracted by the National Police Foundation. Principal Investigator: Jeff Rojek; Co-Investigator: Scott E. Wolfe. Amount: $86,433.
“An examination of officer-involved shootings at the Phoenix Police Department.” Consultants: Geoff Alpert, Justin Nix, Jeff Rojek, and Scott Wolfe. Contracted by the National Police Foundation.
“VALOR Officer Safety and Wellness Pilot Project.” Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Assistance. Consultants: Jeff Rojek and Scott Wolfe. Graduate Assistant: Spencer Lawson. Contracted by the National Police Foundation.
“An evaluation of a social interaction training program to reduce use of force and build legitimacy” (2016-IJ-CX-0018). Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice, Research and Evaluation in Support of the Recommendations of the President’s Task Force on 21st Century Policing. Principal Investigator: Geoffrey P. Alpert; Co-Investigators: Jeff Rojek, Scott E. Wolfe, and Michael Smith. Amount: $799,454.
“Columbia Ceasefire: An extension to the integrated data exchange and analysis project.” Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Assistance, Smart Policing Initiative (SPI). Grant awarded to the Columbia (SC) Police Department and subcontract awarded to Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice ($44,361 to USC). Principal investigator: Scott Wolfe.
“Evidence based solutions to reduce law enforcement officer vehicle crashes.” Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Assistance. Principal Investigator: Geoffrey P. Alpert; Co-Principal Investigator: Jeff Rojek; Consultant: Scott Wolfe.
“Integrated data exchange and analysis (IDEA) project.” Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Assistance, Smart Policing Initiative (SPI). Grant awarded to the Columbia (SC) Police Department and Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice ($298,523 total; $103,417 to USC). Principal Investigator: Jeff Rojek; Co-Investigator: Scott Wolfe and Robert Kaminski.
“Evidence based solutions to reduce law enforcement officer vehicle crashes.” Department of Justice, National Institute of Justice. Principal Investigator: Jeff Rojek; Co-Principal Investigator: Geoffrey P. Alpert; Consultant: Scott Wolfe.
Media publications
Nix, Justin, and Scott E. Wolfe. (2020). Defunding or disbanding the police is a dangerous idea if done hastily. Washington Post. June 18 (authorship is alphabetical).
Shjarback, John, Scott Decker, Scott Wolfe, and David C. Pyrooz. (2017). De-policing, crime, and the ‘Ferguson effect’ in Missouri. St. Louis Post-Dispatch. October 3.
Shjarback, John, Scott Decker, Scott Wolfe, and David C. Pyrooz. (2017). Did the Ferguson shooting make police less proactive? Washington Post. September 18.
Tiesman, Hope, Jeff Rojek, Geoffrey P. Alpert, and Scott E. Wolfe. (2017). Officer-involved collisions: Magnitude, risk factors, and prevention. The Police Chief. May 2017.
Wolfe, Scott E., Scott H. Decker, and David C. Pyrooz. (2016). What does science tell us about the so-called Ferguson effect? Quillette. March 1.
Wolfe, Scott E., and Justin Nix. (2016). Managing police departments post-Ferguson: Officers want fairness and transparency from their bosses. Harvard Business Review. September 13.
Wolfe, Scott E. (2016). When young people no longer see the police as procedurally fair, they are more likely to engage in risky behavior and be victimized. London School of Economics United States Politics and Policy Blog. August 18.
Technical Reports for Police Departments
Carter, Travis, Yongjae (David) Nam, Allison Rojek, Scott E. Wolfe, & Spencer G. Lawson. (August 2020). “Spatial analysis of crime hot spots: City of Saginaw (2019-2020).” East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University, School of Criminal Justice.
Carter, Travis, Yongjae (David) Nam, Spencer G. Lawson, Allison Rojek, & Scott E. Wolfe. (June 2020). “Analyzing the spatial distribution of crime: City of Saginaw (2017-2019).” East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University, School of Criminal Justice.
Rojek, Allison, Scott E. Wolfe, Spencer G. Lawson, Travis Carter, & Yongjae (David) Nam. (May 2020). “Analyzing the spatial distribution of crime: City of Saginaw (2017-2019).” East Lansing, MI: Michigan State University, School of Criminal Justice.
Rojek, Jeff, Justin Nix, Scott E. Wolfe, Geoff Alpert, James Burch, Julie Grieco, and Teresina Robbins. (2019). “Analysis of 2018 Use of Deadly Force by the Phoenix Police Department.” A report to the City of Phoenix (AZ). The National Police Foundation. Link.
Rojek, Jeff, Victor M. Manjarrez, Jr., Scott E. Wolfe, and Allison Rojek. (2017). “El Paso Sector Border Patrol Agent Survey Report.” A report submitted to the U.S. Customs and Border Protection, U.S. Border Patrol, El Paso Sector. University of Texas at El Paso, Center for Law & Human Behavior.
Wolfe, Scott E., and Margaret M. Chrusciel. (2017). “City of Columbia (SC) Police Department Smart Policing Initiative: An Addendum to the Final Report.” Addendum to the Final Report to the Bureau of Justice Assistance (Extension to Award No. 2009-DG-BX-K021).
Wolfe, Scott E., Jeff Rojek, Robert J. Kaminski, and Justin Nix. (2015). “City of Columbia (SC) Police Department Smart Policing Initiative.” A Final Report to the Bureau of Justice Assistance (Award No. 2009-DG-BX-K021).
McLean, Kyle, Scott E. Wolfe, Margaret M. Chrusciel, and Robert J. Kaminski. (2015). “Body-Worn Cameras in South Carolina: Law Enforcement Executives’ Views Concerning Use, Policies, and Outcomes.” (2015 Census). University of South Carolina, Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice.
Wolfe, Scott E., and Justin Nix.* (2015). “Results from the 2015 Richland County Sheriff’s Department employee survey.” University of South Carolina, Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice.
Chrusciel, Margaret M., Kyle McLean, Scott E. Wolfe, Bob J. Kaminski, and Jeff Rojek. (2015). “Officer-involved traffic collisions in South Carolina: Exploring the issue through official records (2001-2010) and survey responses of law enforcement executives.” (2014 Census). University of South Carolina, Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice.
Chrusciel, Margaret M., J. Andrew Hansen, Jeff Rojek, Scott E. Wolfe, and Bob J. Kaminski. (2014). “School resource officers (SROs) and the arming of school teachers or administrators as responses to school shootings: Results from a state census of law enforcement executives and public school principals.” (2013 Census). University of South Carolina, Department of Criminology and Criminal Justice.
Publications
Police training
McLean, Kyle, Scott E. Wolfe, Jeff Rojek, Geoffrey P. Alpert, and Michael R. Smith. (2020). A randomized-controlled trial of social interaction police training. Criminology & Public Policy, 19, 805-832.
Wolfe, Scott E., Kyle McLean, Jeff Rojek, Geoffrey P. Alpert, and Michael R. Smith. (2020). Advancing a theory of police officer training motivation and receptivity. Justice Quarterly, DOI: 10.1080/07418825.2019.1703027.
Wolfe, Scott E., Jeff Rojek, Kyle McLean, and Geoffrey P. Alpert. (2020). Advancing social interaction training to reduce the likelihood of officer use of force events. The ANNALS of the American Academy of Political and Social Science, 687(1), 124-145.
Police officers’ attitudes and beliefs
McLean, Kyle, Scott E. Wolfe, Jeff Rojek, Geoffrey P. Alpert, and Michael R. Smith. (2020). Police officers as warrior or guardians: Empirical reality or intriguing rhetoric? Justice Quarterly, 37(6), 1096-1118.
Nix, Justin, Scott E. Wolfe, and Brandon Tregle. (2018). Police Officers’ Attitudes toward Citizen Advisory Councils. Policing: An International Journal, 41(4), 418-434.
Nix, Justin, Scott E. Wolfe, and Bradley Campbell. (2018). Command-level police officers’ perceptions of the “war on cops” and de-policing. Justice Quarterly, 35, 33-54.
Nix, Justin, and Scott E. Wolfe. (2018). Management-level officers’ experiences with the Ferguson Effect. Policing: An International Journal 41(2), 262-275.
Shjarback, John. A., Justin Nix, and Scott E. Wolfe. (2018). The ecological structuring of police officers’ perceptions of citizen cooperation. Crime & Delinquency, 64(9), 1143-1170.
Nix, Justin,* and Scott E. Wolfe. (2017). The impact of negative publicity on police self-legitimacy. Justice Quarterly, 34(1), 84-108.
Chrusciel, Margaret, Scott E. Wolfe, J. Andrew Hansen, Jeff Rojek, and Robert J. Kaminski. (2015). Law enforcement executive and principal perspectives on school safety measures: School resource officers and armed school employees. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 38 (1), 24-39.
Vito, Gennaro F., Scott E. Wolfe, George E. Higgins, and William F. Walsh. (2011). Police integrity: Rankings of scenarios on the Klockars Scale by management cops. Criminal Justice Review, 36(2), 152-164.
Organizational justice
Wolfe, Scott E., and Spencer G. Lawson. (2020). The organizational justice effect among criminal justice employees: A meta-analysis. Criminology, 58(4), 619-644.
Lawson, Spencer G., and Scott E. Wolfe. (2020). “Organizational justice and policing.” In Geoffrey P. Alpert, Roger Dunham, and Kyle McLean (Eds.), Critical Issues in Policing (7th Edition). Waveland Press.
Wolfe, Scott E. (2020). “Doing organizational justice: The role of police manager communication. In Howie Giles, Ed Maguire, and Shawn Hill (Eds.), The Rowman & Littlefield Handbook of Policing, Communication & Society. Sage.
Wolfe, Scott E., Jeff Rojek, Victor M. Manjarrez, Jr., and Allison Rojek. (2018). Why does organizational justice matter? Uncertainty management among law enforcement officers. Journal of Criminal Justice, 54, 20-29.
Wolfe, Scott E., Justin Nix, and Bradley Campbell. (2018). Police managers’ self-control and support for organizational justice. Law and Human Behavior, 42(1), 71-82.
Wolfe, Scott E., and Justin Nix. (2017). Police officers’ trust in their agency: Does self-legitimacy protect against supervisor procedural injustice? Criminal Justice & Behavior, 44(5), 717-732.
Nix, Justin, and Scott E. Wolfe. (2016). Sensitivity to the Ferguson Effect: The role of managerial organizational justice. Journal of Criminal Justice, 47, 12-20.
Wolfe, Scott E., and Alex R. Piquero. (2011). Organizational justice and police misconduct. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 38(4), 332-353.
Officer-safety and wellness
Lawson, Spencer G., Jeff Rojek, and Scott E. Wolfe. (2019). “A Safety and Wellness Toolkit for Law Enforcement: Ensuring Resilience and Survivability.” A report to the VALOR Officer Safety Initiative, Department of Justice, Bureau of Justice Assistance.
Wolfe, Scott. E., Spencer G. Lawson, Jeff Rojek, and Geoffrey P. Alpert. (2020). Predicting police officer seat belt use: Evidence-based solutions to improve officer driving safety. Police Quarterly, 23(4), 472-499.
Wolfe, Scott E., Jeff Rojek, Geoffrey P. Alpert, Hope Tiesman, and Stephen James. (2015). Characteristics of officer-involved vehicle collisions in California. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 38, 458-477.
Hansen, J. Andrew, Jeff Rojek, Scott E. Wolfe, and Geoffrey P. Alpert. (2015). The influence of department policy and accountability on officer-involved collisions. Policing: An International Journal of Police Strategies & Management, 38, 578-594.
Procedural justice and police-community relations
Nix, Justin, Justin Pickett, and Scott E. Wolfe. (2020). Testing a theoretical model of perceived audience legitimacy: The neglected linkage in the dialogic model of police-community relations. Journal of Research in Crime & Delinquency, 57(2), 217-259.
McLean, Kyle, Scott E. Wolfe, and Travis C. Pratt. (2019). Legitimacy and the life course: An age-graded examination of changes in legitimacy attitudes over time. Journal of Research in Crime & Delinquency, 56(1), 42-83.
Nix, Justin, Justin Pickett, Scott E. Wolfe, and Bradley Campbell. (2017). Demeanor, race, and police perceptions of procedural justice: Evidence from two randomized experiments. Justice Quarterly, 34(7), 1154-1183.
Alpert, Geoffrey P., Kyle McLean, and Scott E. Wolfe. (2017). Consent decrees: An approach to police accountability and reform. Police Quarterly, 20(3), 239-249.
Wolfe, Scott E., and Kyle McLean. (2017). Procedural injustice, risky lifestyles, and violent victimization. Crime & Delinquency, 63(11), 1383-1409.
Wolfe, Scott E., Kyle McLean, and Travis C. Pratt. (2017). I learned it by watching you: Legal socialization and the intergenerational transmission of legitimacy attitudes. British Journal of Criminology, 57(5), 1123-1143.
Wolfe, Scott E., Chrusciel, Margaret, Jeff Rojek, J. Andrew Hansen, and Robert J. Kaminski. (2017). Procedural justice, legitimacy, and school principals’ evaluations of school resource officers: Support, perceived effectiveness, trust, and satisfaction. Criminal Justice Policy Review, 28(2), 107-138.
Metcalfe, Christi, Scott E. Wolfe, Evelyn Gertz, and Marc Gertz. (2016). They protect our homeland but neglect our community: Homeland security overemphasis, legitimacy, and public cooperation in Israel. Journal of Research in Crime and Delinquency, 53(6), 814-839.
Wolfe, Scott E., Justin Nix, Robert J. Kaminski, and Jeff Rojek. (2016). Is the effect of procedural justice on police legitimacy invariant? Testing the generality of procedural justice and competing antecedents of legitimacy. Journal of Quantitative Criminology, 32(2), 253-282.
Wolfe, Scott E., and Justin Nix. (2016). The alleged “Ferguson Effect” and police willingness to engage in community partnership. Law and Human Behavior, 40(1), 1-10.
McLean, Kyle, and Scott E. Wolfe. (2016). A sense of injustice loosens the moral bind of law: Specifying the links between procedural injustice, neutralizations, and offending. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 43(1), 27-44.
Nix, Justin, Scott E. Wolfe, Jeff Rojek, and Robert J. Kaminski. (2015). Trust in the police: The influence of procedural justice and perceived collective efficacy. Crime & Delinquency, 61(4), 610-640.
Ferdik, Frank V., Scott E. Wolfe, and Nicholas Blasco. (2014). Informal social controls, procedural justice, and perceived police legitimacy: Do social bonds influence evaluations of police legitimacy? American Journal of Criminal Justice, 39, 471-492.
Reisig, Michael D., Scott E. Wolfe, and Kristy Holtfreter. (2011). Legal cynicism, legitimacy, and criminal offending: The non-confounding effect of low self-control. Criminal Justice and Behavior, 38(12), 1265-1279.
Wolfe, Scott E. (2011). The effect of low self-control on perceived police legitimacy. Journal of Criminal Justice, 39(1), 67-74.
Police and crime
Shjarback, John. A., David C. Pyrooz, Scott E. Wolfe, and Scott H. Decker. (2017). De-policing and crime in the wake of Ferguson: Racialized changes in the quantity and quality of policing among Missouri police departments. Journal of Criminal Justice, 50, 42-52.
Pyrooz, David C., Scott H. Decker, Scott E. Wolfe, and John Shjarback. (2016). Was there a Ferguson Effect on crime rates in large U.S. cities? Journal of Criminal Justice, 46, 1-8.
